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Saturday, 27 December 2014
Monday, 8 December 2014
Alfa Romeo History
Industry - Automotive
Predecessors - Societa Anonima Italiana Darracq
(SAID)
Founded - 24 June 1910 in Milan, Italy
Founders - Alexandre Darracq/Ugo StellaNicola Romeo
Headquarters - Milan, Italy
Area served - Worldwide
Romeo
is not only a thespian Shakespearean character but also represents part of an
Italian mechanical deity, devoted to constructing automobiles at godly
standards for mortal drivers. It is the Alfa without the Omega for ever since
it began producing cars back in 1910, never has its activity been threatened by
permanent halting. The Alfa Romeo coat of arms looks like it bears the marks of
early religious involvement with a red cross on a white background reminding of
the crusades juxtaposed with a dragon headed snake that resembles the devilish
creature slain by Saint George but it was actually designed by human heads with
only one purpose in mind: devotion and performance.
Although the firm is widely deemed as 100% Italian, its beginnings prove otherwise. The company was originally founded as Societa Anonima Italiana Darracq by French automobile industry entrepreneur Alexandre Darracq with help from Italian investors in 1906. One of the high-rollers, an aristocrat known by the name of Ugo Stella, later became chairman of the newly formed Milano- based corporate entity that would have a hard time selling cars by 1909.
Although the firm is widely deemed as 100% Italian, its beginnings prove otherwise. The company was originally founded as Societa Anonima Italiana Darracq by French automobile industry entrepreneur Alexandre Darracq with help from Italian investors in 1906. One of the high-rollers, an aristocrat known by the name of Ugo Stella, later became chairman of the newly formed Milano- based corporate entity that would have a hard time selling cars by 1909.
Alfa
Romeo has also been involved in racing, having won competitions ever since the
birth of their first 24 HP model in 1910 – which entered the famous Sicilian
Targa Florio competition. Soon after its fulminatory start, many victories
would come on equally numerous racing tracks all over Europe. The immense
success of the Alfa Romeo models throughout the upcoming 5 decades – whose image
benefited greatly from their impressive performances in motor racing – did not
translate into economic growth for the Italian company. Consequently, Alfa
Romeo was purchased by Finmeccanica S.P.A. – a government-controlled industrial
group – some 50 years later, in order to avoid bankruptcy.
However, the state would not hold on to it too long and eventually gave it up (again) because of its financial difficulties. Before becoming stray and disoriented, Fiat adopted it as one of the group's subsidiaries. Alfa has been rolling with Fiat since 1986.
However, the state would not hold on to it too long and eventually gave it up (again) because of its financial difficulties. Before becoming stray and disoriented, Fiat adopted it as one of the group's subsidiaries. Alfa has been rolling with Fiat since 1986.
Alfa Romeo History for Ten Decades:
1910 – 1920:
The
Alfa Romeo story started in Milan on 24, June 1910. That was the day a group of
entrepreneurs and businessmen took over the Italian Darracq automobile company
from its French parent company, and called it Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica
Automobile – A.L.F.A.
The new company was formed at a time of economic and social change: the first plastics were being invented, Guglielmo Marconi received the Nobel prize for physics and Alfa’s competitors – Fiat and Lancia – were eleven and three years old respectively.
The
mechanical components, performance and driving satisfaction that proved so
popular on Alfa’s first car are all features for which the brand was to become
famous. The car also cost ‘only’ 12,000 Lire, i.e. £23,000 at today’s prices.
In
1912, Alfa launched the 15-20 hp, and the 40-60 hp arrived in 1913. This car’s
six litre engine powered it to second place overall in the Parma-Poggio Berceto
hillclimb. Next year, Giuseppe Merosi built the first Alfa Grand Prix car in
which driver Giuseppe Campari covered a kilometre at more than 147 km/h.
The outbreak of World War One and consequent limited resources brought difficulties for the company. On 2, December 1915 it was taken over by the Neapolitan engineer and entrepreneur Nicola Romeo. The Portello plant, which employed 2,500 people at the time, was extended to handle military orders. At this time it was producing motor-driven compressors, munitions, aircraft engines and, from 1917, rolling stock.
The outbreak of World War One and consequent limited resources brought difficulties for the company. On 2, December 1915 it was taken over by the Neapolitan engineer and entrepreneur Nicola Romeo. The Portello plant, which employed 2,500 people at the time, was extended to handle military orders. At this time it was producing motor-driven compressors, munitions, aircraft engines and, from 1917, rolling stock.
With
peacetime the company was forced to change again. It sought out new markets,
manufacturing drills, tractors and more rolling stock. Although Romeo bought
companies in Saronno, Rome and Naples, he did not forget about cars because in
1920 the Torpedo 20-30 hp appeared - the first vehicle to bear the new company
name of Alfa Romeo. A 22-year old by the name of Enzo Ferrari secured second
place in the Targa Florio at the wheel of one of these cars.
1921 - 1930:
In
1921, Banco Nazionale di Sconto, the main shareholder of Ansaldo in Genoa, Ilva
in Piombino and Alfa Romeo, collapsed. The government was forced to intervene
and set up a special body (IRI) to subsidise these industries. The following
year protesters marched on Rome, and even though the first locomotive built by
the company was produced at the Saronno workshop, Alfa Romeo remained in
difficulties.
The
RL model, however, met with considerable success in 1923, when it took first,
second and fourth places in the Targa Florio. At the Savio circuit the Baracca
family gave Enzo Ferrari the prancing horse symbol that he was later to use on
all his own cars. Merosi built the Grand Prix Romeo that later became the P1.
Designer Vittorio Jano arrived from Fiat and began work on the P2.
1931 - 1940:
In
1933, the Italian State’s Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) was
forced to intervene.
The same year, the company pulled out of racing and its 8C 2300 B models were entrusted to Ferrari. The results were outstanding when it is considered that Alfa won more races than all other manufacturers during 1934, and in 1936 the company’s sporting activities actually forced standard production to take a back seat! Two years later came the 8C 2900 B Lungo.
The same year, the company pulled out of racing and its 8C 2300 B models were entrusted to Ferrari. The results were outstanding when it is considered that Alfa won more races than all other manufacturers during 1934, and in 1936 the company’s sporting activities actually forced standard production to take a back seat! Two years later came the 8C 2900 B Lungo.
In 1931 the first truck, the Bussing
50, appeared, followed by the 85C and the 350 Diesel, later to be adopted by
the Fire Brigade. In 1935, the T85G won an international race for
petrol-engined trucks over the Rome-Brussels-Paris route.
The delivery of more than 2000 vehicles to the Italian army during its Ethiopian campaign only served to strengthen Alfa Transport’s reputation for reliability. The truck version of the 500 model offered an excellent payload of 11,000 kg and its bus version won plaudits for styling, passenger comfort and a top speed of 68 km/h.
The delivery of more than 2000 vehicles to the Italian army during its Ethiopian campaign only served to strengthen Alfa Transport’s reputation for reliability. The truck version of the 500 model offered an excellent payload of 11,000 kg and its bus version won plaudits for styling, passenger comfort and a top speed of 68 km/h.
In
1939 the 135 was unveiled, a twin-row 18-cylinder radial engine that developed
nearly 2000 hp and was the most powerful unit of its time. Some 150 of these
were produced for the Luftwaffe. The 126, 127 and 128 set and beat 13 flying
boat and aircraft world speed, height and distance records. Aeronautical output
accounted for nearly 80 per cent of Alfa’s annual turnover and a new plant was
built at Pomigliano d’Arco (Naples) at the end of the decade to meet growing
demand, some of it from abroad.
1941 – 1950:
Like
most of the Italian industry, Alfa was forced to carry out war work and its
plants suffered from allied bombing raids as a result. Northern Italy also had
to contend with the German occupation after September 1943. It was difficult to
find raw materials and there was also a fear that entire departments would be transferred
to Germany. Yet somehow the company managed to maintain its high engineering
standards. In 1942, for example, a three-engined Italian SM75 powered by Alfa
128 units flew the 20,000 kilometres to Tokyo and back. After a bombing raid on
20 October 1944, however, the Portello plant ceased all activities.
In
1950 the 1900 was launched – the first Alfa with a unitary body designed by
Orazio Satta Puliga (who joined the company in 1938). Sporting triumphs began
to accumulate. The Alfa 158 enjoyed absolute supremacy in Grands Prix and won
the world championship in 1950 with Farina at the wheel.
Alfa also resumed production of commercial vehicles, aircraft and marine engines as well as diesel power units for industrial application. In 1948 IRI was reorganised and Alfa passed into the hands of subsidiary holding company, Finmeccanica. These promising events were interspersed with sadder episodes: Ugo Gobbato was mysteriously killed in Milan in 1945 and racing drivers Varzi, Trossi and Wimille all died.
1951 - 1960:
As De
Gasperi, Adenuer and Schuman laid the foundations for a future European Union,
and international politics was dominated by the cold war, the Italians dreamed
of prosperity and a time when everyone would own their own car. Only one in
every 96 Italians owned a car in 1949. This figure rose to one in 28 in 1958
and one in 11 in 1963. Italy’s gross domestic product also increased by 6.3 per
cent per year between 1955 and 1960.
1961 – 1970:
Alfa
Romeo had now become a group with subsidiary companies of its own, and had
outgrown the Portello headquarters, which was being swallowed up by all the new
building work going on in Milan. The company, therefore, built a new plant at
Arese that covered an area of more than 2.5 million square metres, and
production was gradually transferred there. A track was also built at Balocco
(Vercelli) to test prototypes. Because demand for cars was predicted to rocket,
Alfa Romeo also built another site at Pomigliano d’Arco (the first brick was
laid on 29 April 1968).
This
company built almost 35,000 cars in total between 1910 and 1955, but total
production had risen to around 500,000 cars by 1970. The 2600 also dates
from 1962 and was the first Alfa equipped with disc brakes.
1971 - 1980:
Socio-political
problems and energy crises were the dominant themes of the Seventies.
Far-reaching repercussions of the '68 protests led to difficult political times
in Italy (the Aldo Moro assassination in 1978) and also to social difficulties
(factories were occupied and some managers were injured and even murdered). The
economy suffered as a result: inflation went into double figures and car sales
dwindled. By 1970, out of 6.6 million cars sold throughout the nine member
countries of the EEC, only 1.3 million (or 19 per cent) were Italian.
By 31
August 1971 the Alfa Romeo Group with its 32,500 employees was forced to face
up to a difficult economic situation and the problem of insufficient funds.
Despite this, it presented new models such as the 2000 saloon (1971), the
Alfetta GTV coupé (1974), the Alfetta 2000 TD – the first Italian car with a
turbodiesel engine (1976), a new Giulietta (1977) and the top-of-the-range Alfa
6 with its brand new 2500 cc V6 engine (1979). The Alfasud met with a
considerable success: 28,000 cars were produced in 1972. It was the company's
first front-wheel drive car, and 70,000 were built in 1973.
Alfa
continued to do well on the race track. The 33 TT 12 won the World Makes
Championship (1975) while the 33 SC 12 won the World Sportscar Championship
(1977). In 1978, the Alfa Team tied for third place with Brabham in the Formula
One Constructors’ league table.
In
1978, Alfa Romeo also signed an agreement with General Electric to build the
CF6-32 aircraft engine.
1981 - 1990:
By 1
January 1981, Alfa Romeo SpA was the parent company of the group and thus
responsible for control, finance and strategic planning in four sectors.
In
1985, the Italo-Japanese company Cosmo Ventures Incorporated was set up to sell
the Spider 3000 and Alfa 75 in Japan. The following year, an agreement with
Chrysler allowed Alfa Romeo to sell the Alfa 164 in North America, where the
Spider 2000 and GTV6 2.5 were already present.
The
three most representative cars of the decade were the 33 (also launched in
Station Wagon and 4x4 versions in 1983), the 90 (1984), the 75 (created to mark
the company's 75th birthday) and the 164 in 1987, the first Alfa Romeo produced
as part of the Fiat Group. In the sporting field, the GTV6 became European
Touring Champion in 1985, while in 1988 the 75 Turbo Evoluzione was successful
in the Italian Speed Touring Championship.
1991 - 2000:
The
first Alfa Romeo 155 left the Pomigliano plant in 1992, and one year later the
V6 TI version won the prestigious DTM, the German Touring Car Championship. The
145 and 146 three and five-door hatchbacks were introduced, while new Spider
and GTV models produced at Arese continued a proud niche model tradition. They
feature Alfa’s new 16v production engine. The Proteo concept car was introduced
in 1991.
Great
success came with the arrival of the 156 sports saloon, which won the Car of
the Year title in 1998. Then came the 166 luxury sedan. The first common-rail
diesel engine, the five cylinder 2.4 JTD, was launched by Alfa Romeo in the
156. During 2000, Alfa's 90th birthday was marked by the arrival of the 156
Sportwagon, a fine blend of Alfa Romeo experience, engineering and style.
Alfa's new compact hatchback, the 147, was launched in the autumn of 2000. Its
heritage was clearly visible in its dramatic design which took styling cues
from some of the most stunning of Alfa Romeo’s cars of the past nine decades.
2001 – 2010:
The
147 was awarded the prestigious Car of the Year 2001, adjudicated by top
European journalists. Alfa diesel engines become more sophisticated with m-jet
technology. The new 159, Brera and Spider ranges were launched with new engines
and 4-wheel drive for the higher powered versions.
Alfa Romeo C12 GTS concept designed by Ugur Sahin:
Alfa
Romeo is produced a new module sports car. If you are a
Corvette sports car enthusiast, you must have heard of Ugur Sahin
Design Studio, in the last year, this car design studio founded in 2007 based
on a Corvette C6 designed aZ03 model, and named "Anadi".
Recently, this design studio has launched a new
concept car, Alfa Romeo 12C GTS. This vehicle with reference to the
classic elements of the historical models of Alfa Romeo at the same
time given a new performance kit. This car is different with the models they
designed before, not able to see the GTS 12C is designed based on what models
and parameters related to the information is not disclosed to the public.
Alfa Romeo Yearly production details:
|
Alfa Romeo production between 1934 and
1939
|
||
|
Year
|
Cars
|
Industrial
vehicles |
|
1934
|
699
|
0
|
|
1935
|
91
|
211
|
|
1936
|
20
|
671
|
|
1937
|
270
|
851
|
|
1938
|
542
|
729
|
|
1939
|
372
|
562
|
|
Alfa
Romeo production between 1998 and 2012
|
|
|
Year
|
Cars
|
|
1998
|
197,680
|
|
1999
|
208,336
|
|
2000
|
206,836
|
|
2001
|
213,638
|
|
2002
|
187,437
|
|
2003
|
182,469
|
|
2004
|
162,179
|
|
2005
|
130,815
|
|
2006
|
157,794
|
|
2007
|
151,898
|
|
2008
|
103,097
|
|
2009
|
103,687
|
|
2010
|
119,451
|
|
2011
|
130,535
|
|
2012
|
101,000
|
Alfa Romeo Produced Aircraft engines:
An Alfa engine was first used on an aircraft in 1910
on the Santoni-Franchini biplane. In 1932 Alfa Romeo built its first real
aircraft engine, the D2 (240 bhp), fitted to Caproni 101 D2. In the 1930s
when Alfa Romeo engines were used for aircraft on a larger scale; the Savoia
Marchetti SM.74, Savoia-Marchetti SM.75, Savoia-Marchetti SM.79,
Savoia Marchetti SM.81 and Cant Z506B Airone all used Alfa Romeo
manufactured engines.
In 1931, a competition was arranged where Tazio
Nuvolari drove his Alfa Romeo 8C 3000 Monza against a Caproni Ca.100
airplane. Alfa Romeo built various aircraft engines during the Second
World War; the best known was the RA.1000 RC 41-I Monsone, a licensed version
of the Daimler-Benz DB 601. This engine made it possible to build
efficient fighter aircraft like the Macchi C.202 Folgore for the
Italian army. After the Second World War Alfa Romeo produced engines for Fiat, Aerfer and Ambrosini.
In the 1960s Alfa Romeo mainly focused upgrading and maintaining
Curtiss-Wright, Pratt & Whitney, Rolls-Royce and General Electric aircraft
engines. Alfa Romeo also built Italy's firstturbine engine, installed to the Beechcraft
King Air. Alfa Romeo's Avio division was sold to Aeritalia in 1988, from
1996 it was part of Fiat Avio. Alfa Avio was also part of developing team
to the new T700-T6E1 engine to the NHI NH90 helicopter.
Trucks and light commercial vehicles:
In 1930 Alfa Romeo presented a light truck in
addition to heavy LCVs based to Bussing constructions. In the
Second World War Alfa Romeo also built trucks for the Italian army ("35
tons anywhere") and later also for the German Wehrmacht. After the
war, commercial motor vehicle production was resumed.
In co-operation with FIAT and Saviem starting
from the 60s different light truck models were developed.
The production of heavy LCVs was terminated in 1967.
In Brazil the heavy trucks were built still few years by Alfa Romeo
subsidiaryFábrica Nacional de Motores under the name FNM. The last Alfa
Romeo vans were the Alfa Romeo AR6 and AR8
Thursday, 23 October 2014
Competitive exam General knowledge question and answer
Q-1: APOLLO 10 was launched on
(a) 1970 (b) 1969 (c) 1968 (d) None
(a) 1970 (b) 1969 (c) 1968 (d) None
Answers: (b) 1969
Q-2: Sputnik –I launched by ------- Rocket.
(a) R- 7 Semyorke (b) R- 8 Semyorka
(c) A & B (d) None
Answers: (a) R- 7 Semyorke
Q-3: What are the no. of seats taken by NC?
(a) 28 (b) 27 (c) 68 (d) None
Answers: (a) 28
Q-4: Who was first teacher in space?
(a) C. McMillan (b) C. McAuliffe
(C) A & B (d) None
Answers: (b) C. McAuliffe
Q-5 : Sally ride was ……..American woman in space?
(a) Second (b) 1st (c) 9th (d) None
Answers: (b) 1st
Q-6: Which of the fallowing PM announce from red fort that India will launch its own moon mission?
(a) A B Vajpayee (b) Manmohan Singh
(c) Indira Gandhi (d) None
Answers: (a) A B Vajpayee
Q-7: Who was India’s first man in space?
(a) Sq. leader Rakesh Sharma (b) F. officer R. Sharma
(c) Col. Rakesh Sharma (d) None of these
(a) Sq. leader Rakesh Sharma (b) F. officer R. Sharma
(c) Col. Rakesh Sharma (d) None of these
Answers: (a) Sq. leader Rakesh
Sharma
Q-8: NC in a nick name of which political
party?
(a) National Conference (b) No capital
(c) A & B (d) None
(a) National Conference (b) No capital
(c) A & B (d) None
Answers: (a)
National Conference
Q-9: NC is a political party of which State?
(a) HP (b) PB (c) J & K (d) None
Answers: (c) J & K
Q-10: Who is president of NC?
(a) Omer Abdullah (b) Sheikh Abdullah
(c) Mir Viaj (d) None
Answers: (a)
Omer Abdullah
Q-11: How many assembly seats are there in J & K?
(a) 65 (b) 64 (c) 67 (d) None
Answers: (c) 67
Q-12: World space weak in celebrated on ------
(a) 14th oct. (b) 4th oct.
(c) 5th oct. (d) None
(a) 14th oct. (b) 4th oct.
(c) 5th oct. (d) None
Answers: (b) 4th oct
Q-13: How many seats received by PDP?
(a) 13 (b) 17 (c) 21 (d) 28
(a) 13 (b) 17 (c) 21 (d) 28
Answers: (c) 21
Q-14: Umer Abdullah elected from …….constituency?
(a) Jamma (b) Sonavar
(c) Ganderbal (d) None
Answers: (c) Ganderbal
Q-15: How many seats received by congress?
(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 18
Answers: (c) 17
Q-16: PDP Stands for
(a) People’s Democratic Party (b) Press Democratic Party
(C) Pioneer Pupil Party (d) None
(a) People’s Democratic Party (b) Press Democratic Party
(C) Pioneer Pupil Party (d) None
Answers: (a) People’s
Democratic pasty
Q-17: Who is President of PDP?
(a) Muffti Mohammed sayed (b) M. Mishre
(c) Farooq Abdullah (d) None
Answers: (a) Mufti Mohammad
syed
Q-18: Man of destiny in nick name of …
(a) Napolean (b) Bismarck
(c) R. N. Tagore (d) None
Answers: (a) Napoleon
Q-19: WHO was founded in?
(a) 1911 (b) 1946 (c) 1945 (d) None
(a) 1911 (b) 1946 (c) 1945 (d) None
Answers: (b) 1946
Q-20 : Egypt is also known as ----------
(a) Gift of Nile (b) River in the sea
(c) Morning star (d) None
Answers: (a) Gift of Nile
Q-21: The Sydney time is published from?
(a) India (b) Kolkata
(c)
London (d) None
Answers: (c) London
Q-22: Which is highest airport in world?
(a) Kolkata (b) Palam
(c) Bongda (d) None
Answers: (c) Bongda
Q-23: Which country is Known as land of maple?
(a) India (b) Canada
(c) China (d) None
(a) India (b) Canada
(c) China (d) None
Answers: (b) Canada
Q-24: NASA is a agency of which country?
(a) China (b) India (c) USA (d) None
(a) China (b) India (c) USA (d) None
Answers: (c) USA
Q-25: Colombo is capital of which country?
(a) Sri lanka (b) China (c) India (d) None
Answers: (a) Srilanka
Q-26: The father of Indian constitution is ---------.
(a) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar (b) P. Jawahar Lal Nehru
(c) Rabinder Nath Tagore (d) None of these
(a) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar (b) P. Jawahar Lal Nehru
(c) Rabinder Nath Tagore (d) None of these
Answer: (a) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Q-27: What is the maximum fixed strength of Lok Sabha?
(a) 520 (b) 530 (c) 540 (d) 550
Answer: (d) 550
Q-28: Which of the following Articles the Directive Principles of state Policy are included?
(a) Article 26 to 30 (b) Article 22 to 25
(c) Article 36 to 51 (d) Article 15 to 20
Answer: (c) Article 36 to 51
Q-29: How much time taken to produce the constitution in India?
(a) 2 years,10 months & 16 days (b) 2 years,11 months & 18 days
(c) 3 years,7 months & 12 days (d) 3 years,10 months & 16 days
Answer: (b) 2 years,11 months
& 18 days
Q-30: Who was the first speaker of Indian Lok Sabha?
(a) Dr. B. R. Ambedker (b) Sukumar Sen
(c) C.Rajagopalacharia (d) G. V. Mavalankear
Q-30: Who was the first speaker of Indian Lok Sabha?
(a) Dr. B. R. Ambedker (b) Sukumar Sen
(c) C.Rajagopalacharia (d) G. V. Mavalankear
Answer: (d) G. V. Mavalankear
Q-31: How many parts of Indian constitution are there?
(a) 20 parts (b) 21 parts
(c) 22 parts (d) 23 parts
Answer: (c) 22 parts
Q-32: Total number of subjects included in union list is ----------.
(a) 90 (b) 92 (c) 94 (d) 97
Answer: (d) 97
Q-33: How many territories in India?
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 5
Answer: (c) 6
Q-34: In which year was the Assam High court renamed?
(a) 1970 (b) 1971 (c) 1972 (d) 1973
Q-34: In which year was the Assam High court renamed?
(a) 1970 (b) 1971 (c) 1972 (d) 1973
Answer: (b) 1971
Q-35: Assam High court renamed as--------------.
(a) Guwahati High Court (b) State High Court
(c) Assamia High Court (d) None of these
Answer: (a) Guwahati High Court
Q-36: Which amongst the following is the Parliament of Hungary?
(a) Folketing (b) Shora
(c) Knesset (d) National Assembly
Answer: (d)
National Assembly
Q-37: The Parliament of Libya is called ------------.
(a) General People’s (b) Great People Khural
(c) Sejm (d) Corts
Answer: (a) General
People’s
Q-38: Who was first mooted the idea of a constituent Assembly to frame a constitution for India?
(a) Combine conference of all parties in 1945
(b) Under Muslim League conference in 1940
(c) Under Swaraj Party meeting in 1928
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Under Swaraj
Party meeting in 1928
Q-39: Who was acted as the constitutional Adviser to the constituent Assembly?
(a) B. N. Rau (b) P. Jawahar Lal Nehru
(c) R. Ramaswami (d) Dr. Jaya Prakash
Answer: (a) B. N. Rau
Q-40: Which amongst the following has been wrongly listed as a union Territory?
(a) Lakshadweep (b) Dadar and Nagare Haweli
(c) Daman & Diu (d) None of these
Answer: (d) None of these
Q-41: Which one of the following Article a person can move the Supreme court directly in the event of violation of Fundamental Rights?
(a) Article 30 (b) Article 31
(c) Article 32 (d) Article 33
Answer: (c) Article 32
Q-42: When was the fundamental duties of Indian citizens were incorporated in the constitution?
(a) 1970 (b) 1972
(c) 1974 (d) 1976
Answer: (d) 1976
Q-43: The President of India made use of his veto power only once in------.
(a) the Indian Post Office (Amendment) Bill
(b) the Money Bill
(c) the Women Welfare Bill
(d) the Social Welfare Bill
Answer: (a) the Indian Post
Office (Amendment) Bill
Q-44: Who is appointed the members of the council of Ministers?
(a) appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
(b) appointed by the President
(c) appointed by the Prime Minister on the advice of the council of Ministers
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) appointed by the
President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Q-45: Which amongst the following Prime Minister never attended the Parliament during his tenure?
(a) Mr. Inder Kumar Gujral
(b) Choudhary Charan Singh
(c) Rajiv Gandhi
(d) None of these
Answer: (b) Choudhary Charan
Singh
Q-46: How many seats have been
reserved for the Union Territories in the Lok Sabha?
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25
Answer: (c) 20
Q-47: What can be the maximum gap between the two sessions of Parliament?
(a) two months (b) four months
(c) five months (d) None of these
Answer: (c) five months
Q-48: The salaries of the Judges of the Supreme Court are charged on the consolidated Fund of India to ensure that----------
(a) they get their salaries temporarily
(b) the Parliament does not reduce their salaries
(c) they get their salaries on the basis of their duty
(d) they dispense justice impartially
Answer: (d) they dispense
justice impartially
Q-49: The governor of a state is
elected by ----------.
(a) the Prime Minister (b) the President
(c) the Prime Minister (d) state legislative
(a) the Prime Minister (b) the President
(c) the Prime Minister (d) state legislative
Answer: (b) the President
Q-50: The members of the legislative assembly are elected by-----------
(a) the Parliament (b) the Governor
(c) the People (d) None of these
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